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JiuzhaigouNationalPark(九寨沟)isanaturereserveinthenorthofSichuan,aprovinceinsouthwesternChina.Itisknownforitsmanymulti-levelwaterfallsandcolorfullakes,andwasdeclaredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1992.ItbelongstothecategoryV(ProtectedLandscape)intheIUCNsystemofprotectedareacategorization. Geographyandclimate KnowninEnglishasJiuzhaiValleyitliesatthesouthernendoftheMinshanmountainrange,330km(205mi)northoftheprovincialcapitalofChengdu.ItispartoftheJiuzhaigouCounty(formerlyNanpingCounty)intheAbaTibetanQiangAutonomousPrefectureofnorthwesternSichuanprovince,neartheGansuborder. Thevalleycovers720km2(278sqmi),withbufferzonescoveringanadditional600km2(232sqmi).Itselevation,dependingontheareaconsidered,rangesfrom1,998to2,140m(atthemouthofShuzhengGully)to4,558-4,764m(onMountGanzigonggaiatthetopofZechawaGully). Theclimateiscooltemperatewithameanannualtemperatureof7.2°C,withmeansof-1°CinJanuaryand17°CinJuly.Totalannualrainfallis661mm,80%ofwhichoccursbetweenMayandOctober. History TheremoteregionwasinhabitedbyvariousTibetanandQiangpeoplesforcenturies,butwasnotofficiallydiscoveredbythegovernmentuntil1972.Extensiveloggingtookplaceuntil1979,whentheChinesegovernmentbannedsuchactivityandmadetheareaanationalparkin1982.AnAdministrationBureauwasestablishedandthesiteofficiallyopenedtotourismin1984;layoutoffacilitiesandregulationswerecompletedin1987.ThesitewasinscribedbyUNESCOasaWorldHeritageSitein1992andaWorldBiosphereReservein1997. Sinceopening,touristactivityhasincreasedeveryyear:from5,000in1984to170,000in1991,160,000in1995,to200,000in1997,includingabout3,000foreigners.Visitorsnumbered1,190,000in2002.Asof2004[update],thesiteaverages7,000visitsperday,withaquotaof12,000beingreportedlyenforcedduringhighseason.TheTownofZhangzhaattheexitofthevalleyandthenearbySongpanCountyfeatureanever-increasingnumberofhotels,includingseveralpolishedfive-stars,suchasSheraton. Population Jiuzhaigou(literally"NineVillageValley")takesitsnamefromthenineTibetanvillagesalongitslength.Sevenofthemarestillpopulatedtoday.ThemainagglomerationsthatarereadilyaccessibletotouristsareHeye,ShuzhengandZechawaalongthemainpathsthatcatertotourists,sellingvarioushandicrafts,souvenirsandsnacks.ThereisalsoRexiinthesmallerZaruValleyandbehindHeyevillageareJianpan,PanyaandYanavillages.TheValley'snolongerpopulatedvillagesareGuoduandHejiao. Finally,thePenbu,PanxingandYongzhuvillagesliealongtheroadthatpassesthroughthetownofJiuzhaigou/Zhangzaoutsidethevalley. In1997,thepermanentpopulationofthevalleywasabout1,000,andduetotheprotectednatureofthepark,agricultureisnolongerpermittedsothelocalsnowrelyontourismandlocalgovernmentsubsidiestomakealiving.